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Works Cited

These are all the sources I used for the information on this site; feel free to check them out for more details and information.

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Credit: NPS/Jim Peaco

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(Canis latrans) and eastern coyote × eastern wolf (Canis latrans × Canis lycaon) hybrids. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91(11):837–841.

3. Coleman, J. 2004. Vicious: Wolves and Men in America. New Haven; London: Yale University

Press. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1nq37w

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5. Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England.

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9. Fascione, N., L.G.L. Osborn, S.R. Kendrot, and P.C. Paquet. 2001. Canis Soupus: Eastern wolf

genetics and its implications for wolf recovery in the Northeast United States. Endangered Species UPDATE 18(4):159-163.

10. Fogleman, V.M. 1989. American attitudes towards wolves: a history of

misperception. Environmental Review: ER 13(1):63-94.

11. Foster, D., G. Motzkin, D. Bernardos, and J. Cardoza. 2002. Wildlife dynamics in the changing

New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography 29(10/11):1337-1357.

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Wolves.”  Retrieved April 28, 2020 from www.doi.gov/ocl/management-wolves

13. Kamil, N. 2006. Of animal history and human cruelty in the New England

tradition. Reviews in American History 34(1):1-11.

14. Kays, R., A. Curtis, and J.J. Kirchman. 2009. Rapid adaptive evolution of northeastern coyotes

via hybridization with wolves. Biology Letters 6(1): 689–93.

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Wayne. 1991. Introgression of coyote mitochondrial DNA into sympatric North American gray wolf populations. Evolution 45:104-119. 

16. Leonard, J.A., C. Vilà, and R.K.Wayne. 2005. FAST TRACK: Legacy lost: genetic variability

and population size of extirpated US grey wolves (Canis lupus). Molecular Ecology 14:9-17. 

17. Marteka, Peter. “Back from Extinction?” Hartford Courant, 14 Mar. 2008,

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Haven, from 1638 to 1649: Transcribed and edited in accordance with a resolution of the General Assembly of Connecticut : with occasional notes and an appendix. Hartford: Printed by Case, Tiffany and Co. Internet resource.

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United States. Human Ecology Review 8(1):1-12.

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Inc., 2005, www.adirondackwolf.org/page8.html.

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Minnesota, 1992. https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/aboutwolves/pdf/grwo_recovplan.pdf.

23. Ripple, W.J., E.J. Larsen, R.A. Renkin, and D.W. Smith. 2001.Trophic cascades among

wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park’s northern range. Biological Conservation 102(3):227-234.

24. Ripple, W. J., and R. L. Beschta. 2004. Wolves and the ecology of fear: Can predation risk

structure ecosystems? BioScience 54(8):755–766.

25. Rutherford, S. 2018. The Anthropocene’s animal? Coywolves as feral cotravelers. Environment

and Planning E: Nature and Space 1(1–2): 206–223.

26. Salem (Mass.), Howes, M. O., Perley, S., & Essex Institute. (1634). Town records of Salem,

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27. Shurtleff, N. B. (1853). Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in

New England: 1642-1649. United States: W. White, printer to the commonwealth. Internet resource.

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Principles, Problems, and Prospects. Retrieved May 6, 2020 from https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Wildlife/WolvesNortheast.ashx

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(1797). A complete history of Connecticut, civil and ecclesiastical, from the emigration of its first planters from England, in MDCXXX, to MDCCXIII. Hartford: Hudson & Goodwin. Internet resource.

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32. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2002). “Gray Wolf Population in the United States”. Retrieved

May 6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/northeast/graywolf/wolfpops.pdf.

33. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2003, March). “Gray Wolf”. Retrieved May 6, 2020 from

https://www.fws.gov/Northeast/graywolf/wolfbio.pdf.

34. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2003, March). “Wolf Recovery in North America.” Retrieved

May 6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/northeast/graywolf/factshee.pdf.

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Retrieved April 28, 2020, from www.fws.gov/northeast/newsroom/graywolf.html.

36. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2018, October 15). “Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Current

Population in the United States”. Retrieved May 6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/aboutwolves/wolfpopus.htm

37. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2019). “Gray Wolf Proposed Delisting Questions and

Answers”. Retrieved May 6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/pdf/Gray-Wolf-Proposed-Delisting-FAQs.pdf.

38. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Midwest Region. (2020, January 2). “Gray Wolf Biology and

Ecology”. Retrieved May 6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/biology/index.html.

39. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2020, February 5). “Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)”. Retrieved May

6, 2020 from https://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/.

40. vonHoldt, B.M, J.A. Cahill, Z. Fan, I. Gronau, J. Robinson, J.P. Pollinger, B. Shapiro, J. Wall,

and R.K. Wayne. 2016. Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf. Science Advances 2(7):  e1501714.

41. Way J.G, L. Rutledge, T. Wheeldon, and B. N. White. 2010. Genetic characterization of

Eastern “Coyotes” in Eastern Massachusetts. Northeastern Naturalist 17(2): 189-204.

42. Williams, C., G. Ericsson, & T. Heberlein, 2002. A quantitative summary of attitudes toward

wolves and their reintroduction (1972-2000). Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006) 30(2):575-584.

43. Winthrop, J., & In Hosmer, J. K. (2005). Winthrop's journal: "History of New England", 1630-

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45. Wydeven, A., T. Fuller, W. Weber, and K. MacDonald. 1998. The potential for wolf recovery

in the Northeastern United States via dispersal from Southeastern Canada. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006), 26(4): 776-784.

Please note, in-text citations are made as (#) after any content cited according to the numbers for each citation above as Wix does not allow for superscripts.

Gray_Wolf_Maya.jpg

Credit: By Isster17 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48536822

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